The fashion industry caused around 2.1 billion tons of greenhouse gas emissions in 2018. This corresponds to 4% of total global emissions.
This corresponds to the annual greenhouse gas emissions of France, Germany and the United Kingdom combined.
70% of the fashion industry's emissions came from activities such as material production, preparation and finishing processes. The remaining 30% occurred in connection with retail stores, use phase and end-of-use activities. If no further action beyond current levels is taken over the next decade, the industry's greenhouse gas emissions are likely to increase to around 2.7 billion tonnes per year by 2030.
The globally defined goal is to keep global warming below 1.5 degrees. Under the current circumstances, the fashion industry will miss this mark by 50%. In order to stay on the 1.5-degree path, business models must be fundamentally redefined and the current requirements of economic growth and increasing consumption reconsidered.
The good news for the fashion industry is that many of the actions needed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions can be done at a modest cost. 60% of the reduction potential lies in the decarbonization of the manufacturing processes; 20% of the greenhouse gas emissions can be reduced through activities of the labels and through sustainable consumer behavior. The manufacturing processes can be optimized, for example, through an improved mix of materials, upcycling and the use of sustainable materials. The increased use of sustainable transport, improved packaging and decarbonized retail stores are helping to improve sales activities. These include reducing energy consumption through heating, ventilation and air conditioning, switching to LED lighting and a transition to 100% renewable energy in retail, but also reducing returns. However, a key lever to reduce emissions could be a reduction in overproduction.
Encouraging consumers to adopt sustainable behavior also plays an important role. Circular business models, including fashion rental, re-commerce and repair, but also reduced washing and drying are contributing to this.
Basically, I am of the opinion that every small contribution counts and that we can all help to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.